The Kingdom of Swaziland, in Southern Africa, is one of Africa’s last remaining monarchies. Approximately 17 000 sq kilometres, the kingdom is bordered by the Republic of South Africa to the north, south and west and by Mozambique in the east and has a population of just over 1 million.
The Kingdom of Swaziland was first populated in the middle of the 18th century by a migratory core of the Nguni people who moved down from the East Coast of Africa under the leadership of Dlamini III.
During the subsequent reign of Ngwane III and his grandson Sobhuza 1, the new Swazi nation undertook a policy of expansion which resulted in an extensive kingdom which was inherited by Mswati II in the mid 19th century. Under Mswati’s leadership, Swaziland continued to prosper and the nation became known as “the land of the people of Mswati”.
During the 1800’s, Europeans entered the area to seek concessions, and in 1894, Swaziland first became a protectorate of the Transvaal and following the Boer War, a British High Commission Territory in 1906.
In 1921, King Sobhuza ll ascended the throne and was instrumental in the country’s drive to independence. In 1963, Swaziland achieved limited self- government and full independence in 1968. The king became the head of state, administering through a cabinet and a prime minister chosen by parliament.
In 1973, King Sobhuza ll (reigned 1921 – 82) amended the constitution and assumed personal rule. The original constitution was formally abolished in 1976 and a new one adopted in 1978.
After 61 years as monarch Sobhuza ll died and Prince Makhosetive Dlamini was selected as his successor in 1982; he was crowned King Mswati lll in 1986.
Swaziland has a duel monarchy which means King Mswati lll rules in conjunction with the Queen Mother (who maybe the kings actual mother or on her death, a senior wife). Executive power is vested in the king who rules in constitution with the cabinet (headed by the prime minister), the bicameral parliament and the Swazi National Council known as Libandla.
The legal system also operates on a duel basis – constitutional courts interpret and administer modified Roman-Dutch law and are paralleled by Swazi national courts administering Swazi law and custom.
Join Drive The Big 5 on a one day tour of this fascinating Kingdom also known as “The Switzerland of Africa”. |